Choosing an empty capsule is not only about size. The shell material and release profile should match what you intend to fill. This guide compares five common options: gelatin, standard HPMC, pullulan, DRcaps® and Licaps®.
Quick Capsule Comparison
| Capsule type | Best suited to | Key point |
|---|---|---|
| Gelatin | General dry powders | Traditional, economical capsule shell |
| HPMC | Plant-based dry formulations | Vegetarian alternative to gelatin |
| Pullulan | Premium plant-based formulations | Known for strong oxygen-barrier properties |
| DRcaps® | Dry fills requiring delayed release | HPMC shell designed to delay opening |
| Licaps® | Compatible oil-based/non-aqueous liquids | Designed for liquid filling; compatibility testing matters |
1. Gelatin Empty Capsules
Gelatin capsules are made from animal-derived gelatin and are widely used for dry powders and many conventional supplement formulations. They are a practical choice when a plant-based shell is not required.
2. HPMC Vegetarian Capsules
HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) capsules are plant-based and commonly selected by vegetarian and vegan customers. They are suitable for many dry powders, herbs, vitamins and supplement blends.
3. Pullulan Capsules
Pullulan is fermentation-derived and plant-based. Pullulan capsules are often selected for premium formulations and are known for strong oxygen-barrier properties. Read our pullulan capsule guide for more detail.
4. DRcaps® Delayed-Release Capsules
DRcaps® are HPMC capsules specifically designed for delayed release. They can be useful when later release of a compatible dry ingredient is desired. They are not the same as a conventional pharmaceutical enteric-coated dosage form.
5. Licaps® for Compatible Oil-Based Liquids
Licaps® are designed for compatible oil-based and other non-aqueous liquid formulations. They are not intended for water-based liquids. Formula compatibility and stability should be tested before commercial production.
Read our Licaps® guide.
Which Empty Capsule Should I Choose?
If you are filling an ordinary dry powder and want a low-cost conventional shell, gelatin may be suitable. Choose standard HPMC when plant-based positioning matters; pullulan when premium positioning and oxygen-barrier performance are priorities; DRcaps® when delayed release is required; and Licaps® for compatible oil-based liquid formulations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which capsule is best for probiotics?
There is no single answer for every probiotic. Strain stability, moisture, oxygen exposure and desired release profile all matter. See our probiotics and stomach acid guide.
Which capsules can hold liquid?
Standard empty hard capsules are primarily used for dry fills. Licaps® are specifically designed for compatible oil-based and non-aqueous liquid formulations. Water-based liquids are not suitable.
Which capsule is delayed release?
DRcaps® are specifically designed for delayed release. Standard gelatin, HPMC and pullulan capsules should not automatically be described as delayed-release capsules.
